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07巻1号 >
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| 種類: | Journal Article |
| タイトル: | GHQ占領下におけるわが国の看護教育の成立過程 - 東京看護教育模範学院の成立と展開 - |
| タイトル別表記: | The Process by which nursing education was established under the Occupation
The establishment and development of the Tokyo Deonstration School of Nursing. |
| 著者: | 坪井良子
奥宮暁子
平尾真智子 |
| キーワード: | 東京看護教育模範学院
看護教育審議会
看護教育
看護改革
GHQ |
| 掲載誌: | 聖路加看護学会誌 |
| 巻: | 7 |
| 号: | 1 |
| 開始ページ: | 34 |
| 終了ページ: | 40 |
| 発行年月日: | 23-Jun-2003 |
| ISSN: | 13441922 |
| 抄録: | 本稿は,連合国最高司令官総司令部(GHQ/SCAP)による占領統治下において,戦後日本の看護教育
システムがどのような経緯で成立し展開したのかを,Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing(東京看
護教育模範学院)の成立過程に焦点をあてて,GHQ/SCAP Recordsを中心に分析し,明らかにすること
を目的とした｡今日の看護教育制度の根拠となった"Nursing Education Council(看護教育審議会)"の
審議内容から検討し,東京看護教育模範学院設立に至るGHQ側の意図や会議録,活動内容の詳細,設立後
の学校運営の経緯を明らかにした｡GHQ/公衆衛生福祉局(PHW)は看護教育の再編に向けて,その諮問
機関としてCouncil on Medical Education(医学教育審議会)の発足に続き,1946年3月25日に看護教育
審議会を発足させた｡その会議の初期段階に,戦後日本の新たな看護教育を展開するためのモデルスクール
を東京に設立する事を決定した｡そして,聖路加女子専門学校と日本赤十字女子専門学校を合併させた東京
看護教育模範学院が1946年6月1日に開校した｡東京看護教育模範学院での教育は看護教育審議会の検討過
程で決定した,戦後日本の新たな看護教育カリキュラムのもとに行われた｡GHQ/PHW は東京看護教育
模範学院の看護教員に対して,看護とは何か,看護の機能について等の指導を徹底した｡良い看護は良い看
護婦によってのみ行うことができると強調し,高度な看護には,優れた知性と豊富な知識と技術,感受性と
想像性が必要であると指導した｡そして,Professional Nurseとしての任務と責任を学ぶためには,最低
3年間の看護基礎教育を必要とするとの方針のもとにカリキュラムが構築されていた｡東京看護教育模範学
院は戦後日本のモデルスクールとして,体系化された看護教育カリキュラムの実践を示し,さらに日本独自
の看護教育を展開する看護指導者の育成に尽力したことは,今日に継続する大きな功績である。 |
| 抄録別表記: | The purpose of this manuscript is to study the process of the establishment and development of the Japanese
system of nursing education after WWII under the auspices of the General Headquarters of the Supreme Command
of the Allied Powers (hereto referred to as GHQ/SCAP) by focusing on the process of the establishment of the
Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing, primarily through analysis of GHQdocuments. From our investigation
of the deliberations of the Nursing Education Council, which formed the basis of the nursing education system in
Japan today, we clarified the process by which the Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing was established. We
looked at the intentions of the GHQ, minutes of the meetings of the Council, details of its activities, and operations
of the school after its establishment. In order to reform nursing education in Japan, the GHQ and the Bureau of
Public Health and Welfare (PHW) first established the Council on Medical Education to address the numerous issues
involved, and then established the Nursing Education Council on March 25, 1946. At the early stages of their
meetings, the Nursing Education Council decided to establish a model school in Tokyo in order to develop a new
type of nursing education in postwar Japan.
The Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing opened on June 1, 1946. It was formed by combining St. Luke's
College of Nursing with the Japan Red Cross Central Hospital of Training. The type of education to be provided
at the Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing was decided by the deliberations of the Nursing Education Council
and became the new nursing education curriculum of postwar Japan. The PHW emphasized to the teachers at the
Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing the importance of teaching what nursing is and what the functions of a
nurse are. They emphasized that good nursing can only be provided by good nurses and taught that excellence in
nursing comes from a high level of knowledge and rich experience and skills, and that sensitivity and imagination
are essential. The curriculum at the Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing was built on the idea that it was
necessary for the basic nursing curriculum to last a minimum of 3 years in order for Professional Nurses to learn
all they need to carry out their duties and responsibilities.
The Tokyo Demonstration School of Nursing, as a model school in postwar Japan, demonstrated the practical
application of a systematized nursing curriculum. Its effort to train nursing educators who would develop a nursing
education system unique to Japan was a great achievement for the continuation of the nursing education system
through today. |
| 参考文献: | 1) 竹前栄治 : GHQ, 岩波書店, 45-46, 1983
2) 竹前栄治, 笹本征男 : GHQ・PHWの組織と人事, 東京経済大学会誌, 156 : 267-285, 1988
3) GHQ/SCAP Records, CIE Sheet, "Report of Conference25,
March 1946, Public Health and Welfare Section"
, 26. March. 1946
4) GHQ/SCAP Records, CHS Sheet, "Organization of
Council on Medical Education, 27, February 1946", 1.
March. 1946
5) GHQ/SCAP Records, CHS Sheet, "Nursing Education
Council, Report of first general meeting", 25. March.
1946
6) 5) ibid
7) GHQ/SCAP Records, CIE Sheet, Meeting of the Council
on Nursing Education, 11. April. 1946
8) GHQ/SCAP Records, CIE Sheet, Memorandum, 18.
April. 1946
9) GHQ/SCAP Records, CIE Sheet, Meeting of the Council
on Nursing Education, 24. April. 1946
10) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "Conference re
Demonstration School program for Nurses" 22. April.
1946
11) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "AGELEMENT",
30. April. 1946
12) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "To the Students
Nurses" 1. June. 1946
13) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "Faculty MeetingCentral
Red Cross Hospital" 20. June. 1946
14) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "Briefly care of the
functions of the nurses" 20. June. 1946
15) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "Curriculum for
the three years' course for nurses-Basic course-Tokyo
Demonstration College for Nursing" 1. June. 1946
16) GHQ/SCAP Records, PHW Sheet, "Executive meeting
of Model Demonstration School" 10. June. 1946
17) J. A. ドラン, 小野泰博, 内尾貞子訳 : 看護・医療の歴史, 誠信書房, 374, 1978
18) Akiko Okumiya. et. al. : Establishing a Model Nursing
Curriculum; Study of Materials during U.S Occupation
in Japan, Fourth International Nursing Research Conference
August 29-31, 227, 2001
19) ドラン: 前掲著18) アメリカにおけるカリキュラムについては362-367参照
20) 金子光 : 初期の看護行政―看護の灯たかくかかげて, 日本看護協会出版会, 12, 1992 アメリカ看護教育の歴史については, Alkin, M.Ced,
Encyclopedia of Educational Research (6th edition), vol3,
American Educational Research Association, 1992. よりNursing Educationの項目921-928参照
21) 大石杉乃 : 占領下の日本における看護政策に影響を与えたオルト看護課長の日本進駐までの経歴, 東京都立医療技術短期大学紀要, Vo16, 91-119, 1993 |
| 権利情報: | このPDFファイルは国立情報学研究所で電子化されたものです。 |
| リンクURL: | http://hdl.handle.net/10285/700 |
| 出現コレクション: | 07巻1号
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この研究成果の引用には次のURIを利用してください。:
http://hdl.handle.net/10285/700
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